Rank |
City |
Price To Income Ratio |
Gross Rental Yield City Centre |
Gross Rental Yield Outside of Centre |
Price To Rent Ratio City Centre |
Price To Rent Ratio Outside Of City Centre |
Mortgage As A Percentage Of Income |
Affordability Index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lisbon, Portugal | 21.3 | 4.7 | 5.9 | 21.3 | 17.1 | 151.5 | 0.7 | |
| London, United Kingdom | 19.8 | 3.1 | 4.1 | 32.1 | 24.5 | 157.1 | 0.6 | |
| Split, Croatia | 19.0 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 30.1 | 29.1 | 139.1 | 0.7 | |
| Moscow, Russia | 18.0 | 3.6 | 4.2 | 27.7 | 23.9 | 437.3 | 0.2 | |
| Prague, Czech Republic | 17.3 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 32.8 | 31.1 | 135.8 | 0.7 | |
| Kazan, Russia | 17.2 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 26.2 | 27.0 | 323.1 | 0.3 | |
| Paris, France | 17.0 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 36.5 | 35.5 | 119.8 | 0.8 | |
| Milan, Italy | 17.0 | 3.7 | 4.8 | 27.1 | 20.8 | 115.8 | 0.9 | |
| Tirana, Albania | 16.9 | 4.8 | 6.0 | 20.8 | 16.7 | 139.8 | 0.7 | |
| Belgrade, Serbia | 16.8 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 24.0 | 23.8 | 138.6 | 0.7 | |
| Sarajevo, Bosnia And Herzegovina | 16.7 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 35.2 | 32.7 | 119.5 | 0.8 | |
| Novi Sad, Serbia | 16.2 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 28.3 | 25.5 | 153.7 | 0.7 | |
| Bratislava, Slovakia | 15.9 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 31.5 | 28.5 | 118.5 | 0.8 | |
| Saint Petersburg, Russia | 15.6 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 23.8 | 25.6 | 374.8 | 0.3 | |
| Nizhny Novgorod, Russia | 15.5 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 23.8 | 22.6 | 255.3 | 0.4 | |
| Athens, Greece | 15.4 | 4.0 | 3.5 | 25.0 | 28.7 | 120.3 | 0.8 | |
| Porto, Portugal | 15.3 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 17.3 | 17.1 | 109.7 | 0.9 | |
| Banja Luka, Bosnia And Herzegovina | 15.1 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 34.7 | 32.5 | 119.7 | 0.8 | |
| Kiev (Kyiv), Ukraine | 14.9 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 16.3 | 16.6 | 293.3 | 0.3 | |
| Brno, Czech Republic | 14.6 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 30.5 | 29.4 | 121.3 | 0.8 | |
| Ljubljana, Slovenia | 14.5 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 25.1 | 25.4 | 104.1 | 1.0 | |
| Rome, Italy | 14.5 | 3.9 | 5.1 | 25.4 | 19.6 | 105.0 | 1.0 | |
| Pristina, Kosovo (Disputed Territory) | 14.5 | 3.4 | 4.0 | 29.6 | 24.8 | 106.2 | 0.9 | |
| Munich, Germany | 14.3 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 33.9 | 30.8 | 103.8 | 1.0 | |
| Thessaloniki, Greece | 14.2 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 31.7 | 27.4 | 109.6 | 0.9 | |
| Nis, Serbia | 14.1 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 31.8 | 31.5 | 135.9 | 0.7 | |
| Warsaw, Poland | 14.0 | 3.7 | 4.4 | 26.7 | 22.9 | 136.2 | 0.7 | |
| Budapest, Hungary | 14.0 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 28.7 | 24.8 | 130.4 | 0.8 | |
| Skopje, North Macedonia | 14.0 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 29.7 | 28.5 | 106.7 | 0.9 | |
| Vienna, Austria | 13.8 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 40.6 | 35.0 | 97.2 | 1.0 | |
| Chisinau, Moldova | 13.8 | 6.2 | 6.0 | 16.1 | 16.7 | 153.7 | 0.7 | |
| Zurich, Switzerland | 13.7 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 41.1 | 37.7 | 83.6 | 1.2 | |
| Florence, Italy | 13.6 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 23.2 | 22.4 | 98.9 | 1.0 | |
| Naples, Italy | 13.5 | 4.1 | 5.2 | 24.2 | 19.2 | 98.8 | 1.0 | |
| Barcelona, Spain | 13.4 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 19.0 | 19.3 | 92.7 | 1.1 | |
| Madrid, Spain | 13.4 | 4.3 | 5.1 | 23.4 | 19.7 | 93.9 | 1.1 | |
| Vilnius, Lithuania | 13.4 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 32.3 | 28.5 | 100.9 | 1.0 | |
| Gdansk, Poland | 13.2 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 30.3 | 25.5 | 122.9 | 0.8 | |
| Cluj-Napoca, Romania | 13.0 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 26.2 | 27.2 | 110.7 | 0.9 | |
| Bolzano-Bozen, Italy | 12.8 | 2.9 | 3.4 | 35.0 | 29.1 | 99.5 | 1.0 | |
| Constanta, Romania | 12.8 | 5.1 | 5.4 | 19.7 | 18.5 | 116.9 | 0.9 | |
| Stockholm, Sweden | 12.7 | 3.0 | 3.6 | 33.7 | 27.8 | 93.7 | 1.1 | |
| Aveiro, Portugal | 12.7 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 17.9 | 17.7 | 100.2 | 1.0 | |
| Brasov, Romania | 12.5 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 22.7 | 24.4 | 125.7 | 0.8 | |
| Krakow (Cracow), Poland | 12.4 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 28.2 | 25.6 | 121.2 | 0.8 | |
| Wroclaw, Poland | 12.3 | 4.3 | 4.6 | 23.5 | 21.7 | 118.4 | 0.8 | |
| Tallinn, Estonia | 12.0 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 30.1 | 27.7 | 96.8 | 1.0 | |
| Zagreb, Croatia | 12.0 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 28.4 | 25.5 | 85.8 | 1.2 | |
| Nice, France | 11.9 | 3.3 | 4.6 | 30.5 | 21.8 | 84.9 | 1.2 | |
| Palma de Mallorca, Spain | 11.9 | 4.9 | 6.1 | 20.2 | 16.5 | 82.7 | 1.2 | |
| Podgorica, Montenegro | 11.8 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 100.2 | 1.0 | |
| Minsk, Belarus | 11.7 | 5.0 | 5.4 | 20.0 | 18.6 | 179.6 | 0.6 | |
| Novosibirsk, Russia | 11.4 | 4.5 | 5.2 | 22.2 | 19.1 | 197.1 | 0.5 | |
| Geneva, Switzerland | 11.3 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 36.9 | 36.4 | 71.9 | 1.4 | |
| Salzburg, Austria | 11.3 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 29.4 | 28.6 | 81.7 | 1.2 | |
| Oslo, Norway | 11.0 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 29.9 | 27.9 | 87.4 | 1.1 | |
| Berlin, Germany | 11.0 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 28.0 | 27.9 | 78.1 | 1.3 | |
| Plzen, Czech Republic | 10.9 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 35.1 | 28.6 | 89.9 | 1.1 | |
| Helsinki, Finland | 10.8 | 2.8 | 3.6 | 35.5 | 27.6 | 80.1 | 1.2 | |
| Bologna, Italy | 10.7 | 4.6 | 5.1 | 21.6 | 19.8 | 79.0 | 1.3 | |
| Iasi, Romania | 10.7 | 3.9 | 4.4 | 25.4 | 22.5 | 102.3 | 1.0 | |
| Marseille, France | 10.7 | 2.8 | 4.2 | 35.7 | 23.6 | 76.7 | 1.3 | |
| Oradea, Romania | 10.6 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 24.8 | 27.9 | 98.0 | 1.0 | |
| Trento, Italy | 10.6 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 28.9 | 25.0 | 82.0 | 1.2 | |
| Varna, Bulgaria | 10.6 | 4.1 | 4.7 | 24.1 | 21.3 | 84.1 | 1.2 | |
| Hamburg, Germany | 10.5 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 31.4 | 30.0 | 75.9 | 1.3 | |
| Montpellier, France | 10.5 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 31.9 | 30.6 | 73.9 | 1.4 | |
| Cologne, Germany | 10.5 | 3.8 | 3.2 | 26.6 | 31.1 | 75.8 | 1.3 | |
| Bordeaux, France | 10.2 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 32.3 | 32.0 | 73.1 | 1.4 | |
| Amsterdam, Netherlands | 10.0 | 4.8 | 5.1 | 20.9 | 19.5 | 73.5 | 1.4 | |
| Kaunas, Lithuania | 10.0 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 24.8 | 23.6 | 77.5 | 1.3 | |
| Sofia, Bulgaria | 9.9 | 4.1 | 4.5 | 24.1 | 22.2 | 67.0 | 1.5 | |
| Bristol, United Kingdom | 9.9 | 5.4 | 4.5 | 18.6 | 22.1 | 82.3 | 1.2 | |
| Bucharest, Romania | 9.9 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 22.6 | 20.2 | 92.9 | 1.1 | |
| Cambridge, United Kingdom | 9.8 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 21.1 | 20.7 | 81.0 | 1.2 | |
| Sibiu, Romania | 9.7 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 25.0 | 25.2 | 86.5 | 1.2 | |
| Burgas, Bulgaria | 9.7 | 4.7 | 5.3 | 21.1 | 19.0 | 73.8 | 1.4 | |
| Haarlem, Netherlands | 9.6 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 21.5 | 21.7 | 71.4 | 1.4 | |
| Dusseldorf, Germany | 9.5 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 26.6 | 28.3 | 68.9 | 1.5 | |
| Espoo, Finland | 9.4 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 34.3 | 27.8 | 67.5 | 1.5 | |
| Lyon, France | 9.3 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 29.4 | 29.1 | 66.1 | 1.5 | |
| Tartu, Estonia | 9.3 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 26.0 | 27.4 | 69.2 | 1.4 | |
| Bilbao, Spain | 9.1 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 20.3 | 19.6 | 62.6 | 1.6 | |
| Strasbourg, France | 9.0 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 27.4 | 25.6 | 63.4 | 1.6 | |
| Timisoara, Romania | 8.9 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 25.8 | 23.2 | 80.9 | 1.2 | |
| Basel, Switzerland | 8.9 | 3.1 | 2.4 | 32.2 | 42.0 | 56.6 | 1.8 | |
| Graz, Austria | 8.8 | 2.8 | 3.6 | 35.7 | 28.1 | 63.9 | 1.6 | |
| Katowice, Poland | 8.8 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 22.6 | 24.2 | 81.9 | 1.2 | |
| Plovdiv, Bulgaria | 8.8 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 22.2 | 20.1 | 66.2 | 1.5 | |
| Stuttgart, Germany | 8.8 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 25.6 | 23.6 | 63.5 | 1.6 | |
| Padova, Italy | 8.7 | 5.1 | 6.4 | 19.7 | 15.6 | 67.2 | 1.5 | |
| Dublin, Ireland | 8.7 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 15.4 | 14.4 | 64.1 | 1.6 | |
| Trondheim, Norway | 8.7 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 29.8 | 29.6 | 63.5 | 1.6 | |
| Poznan, Poland | 8.5 | 4.7 | 5.0 | 21.2 | 20.0 | 78.2 | 1.3 | |
| Turin, Italy | 8.5 | 4.0 | 5.5 | 24.9 | 18.1 | 60.9 | 1.6 | |
| Copenhagen, Denmark | 8.4 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 21.4 | 20.4 | 62.2 | 1.6 | |
| Cagliari, Italy | 8.4 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 16.4 | 16.7 | 65.4 | 1.5 | |
| Lodz, Poland | 8.3 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 20.9 | 21.3 | 75.7 | 1.3 | |
| Riga, Latvia | 8.3 | 4.1 | 4.5 | 24.1 | 22.3 | 63.5 | 1.6 | |
| Szczecin, Poland | 8.1 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 20.1 | 20.6 | 71.5 | 1.4 | |
| Utrecht, Netherlands | 8.1 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 18.9 | 18.2 | 60.9 | 1.6 | |
| Seville (Sevilla), Spain | 8.1 | 5.2 | 6.2 | 19.2 | 16.1 | 56.4 | 1.8 | |
| Frankfurt, Germany | 8.1 | 3.8 | 4.8 | 26.4 | 20.7 | 58.9 | 1.7 | |
| Reykjavik, Iceland | 8.1 | 5.8 | 6.1 | 17.4 | 16.4 | 91.7 | 1.1 | |
| Gothenburg, Sweden | 8.0 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 27.4 | 25.2 | 60.2 | 1.7 | |
| Edinburgh, United Kingdom | 7.9 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 19.3 | 18.8 | 66.3 | 1.5 | |
| Luxembourg, Luxembourg | 7.9 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 25.5 | 23.2 | 54.9 | 1.8 | |
| Manchester, United Kingdom | 7.8 | 5.9 | 6.6 | 17.0 | 15.2 | 66.9 | 1.5 | |
| Tampere, Finland | 7.6 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 28.5 | 28.1 | 54.2 | 1.8 | |
| Cork, Ireland | 7.6 | 7.2 | 6.4 | 13.8 | 15.5 | 58.3 | 1.7 | |
| Toulouse, France | 7.5 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 27.2 | 24.5 | 52.9 | 1.9 | |
| Rotterdam, Netherlands | 7.3 | 6.0 | 6.7 | 16.8 | 14.8 | 53.8 | 1.9 | |
| Brescia, Italy | 7.3 | 4.7 | 6.2 | 21.5 | 16.2 | 54.7 | 1.8 | |
| Valencia, Spain | 7.3 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 15.4 | 15.3 | 50.7 | 2.0 | |
| Genoa, Italy | 7.3 | 5.2 | 7.1 | 19.1 | 14.1 | 55.8 | 1.8 | |
| Bergen, Norway | 7.2 | 4.2 | 4.9 | 23.9 | 20.4 | 55.9 | 1.8 | |
| Maribor, Slovenia | 7.2 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 26.1 | 27.2 | 50.4 | 2.0 | |
| Dresden, Germany | 7.1 | 3.8 | 3.2 | 26.2 | 31.1 | 51.6 | 1.9 | |
| Reading, United Kingdom | 7.1 | 6.3 | 5.4 | 15.8 | 18.4 | 58.6 | 1.7 | |
| Ostrava, Czech Republic | 7.0 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 19.3 | 18.7 | 58.0 | 1.7 | |
| Antwerp, Belgium | 6.9 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 20.8 | 20.2 | 47.5 | 2.1 | |
| Eindhoven, Netherlands | 6.5 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 18.5 | 17.2 | 47.8 | 2.1 | |
| Lille, France | 6.5 | 4.3 | 4.6 | 23.4 | 21.6 | 45.7 | 2.2 | |
| Leipzig, Germany | 6.2 | 4.4 | 5.0 | 22.8 | 20.1 | 44.8 | 2.2 | |
| The Hague (Den Haag), Netherlands | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.8 | 16.4 | 14.8 | 43.7 | 2.3 | |
| Mannheim, Germany | 5.9 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 30.0 | 30.4 | 41.0 | 2.4 | |
| Stavanger, Norway | 5.9 | 5.3 | 6.0 | 19.0 | 16.6 | 44.6 | 2.2 | |
| Essen, Germany | 5.8 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 27.0 | 26.5 | 41.8 | 2.4 | |
| Glasgow, United Kingdom | 5.6 | 7.6 | 7.2 | 13.2 | 13.9 | 45.2 | 2.2 | |
| Groningen, Netherlands | 5.3 | 6.2 | 5.0 | 16.2 | 19.9 | 37.5 | 2.7 | |
| Liverpool, United Kingdom | 5.1 | 7.7 | 6.0 | 13.1 | 16.5 | 43.3 | 2.3 | |
| Belfast, United Kingdom | 4.8 | 8.1 | 7.6 | 12.4 | 13.1 | 40.3 | 2.5 | |
| Aberdeen, United Kingdom | 3.9 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 16.1 | 15.6 | 33.7 | 3.0 |