Rank |
City |
Price To Income Ratio |
Gross Rental Yield City Centre |
Gross Rental Yield Outside of Centre |
Price To Rent Ratio City Centre |
Price To Rent Ratio Outside Of City Centre |
Mortgage As A Percentage Of Income |
Affordability Index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Innsbruck, Austria | 22.0 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 44.9 | 38.6 | 159.8 | 0.6 | |
| Lisbon, Portugal | 21.1 | 5.0 | 5.9 | 19.8 | 17.0 | 151.1 | 0.7 | |
| London, United Kingdom | 20.6 | 3.1 | 4.1 | 31.7 | 24.2 | 163.9 | 0.6 | |
| Split, Croatia | 19.3 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 30.1 | 29.0 | 143.6 | 0.7 | |
| Moscow, Russia | 18.8 | 3.5 | 4.2 | 28.3 | 23.8 | 461.5 | 0.2 | |
| Prague, Czech Republic | 17.8 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 33.7 | 32.4 | 138.9 | 0.7 | |
| Kazan, Russia | 17.5 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 26.5 | 27.0 | 326.9 | 0.3 | |
| Tirana, Albania | 17.1 | 5.1 | 6.2 | 19.7 | 16.2 | 141.3 | 0.7 | |
| Belgrade, Serbia | 17.0 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 24.2 | 23.6 | 141.0 | 0.7 | |
| Paris, France | 16.8 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 35.8 | 34.7 | 117.6 | 0.9 | |
| Sarajevo, Bosnia And Herzegovina | 16.6 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 33.8 | 32.3 | 118.3 | 0.8 | |
| Athens, Greece | 16.3 | 3.8 | 3.3 | 26.6 | 30.7 | 129.1 | 0.8 | |
| Milan, Italy | 16.1 | 3.7 | 4.9 | 26.9 | 20.6 | 109.6 | 0.9 | |
| Novi Sad, Serbia | 16.0 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 28.5 | 25.9 | 152.5 | 0.7 | |
| Bratislava, Slovakia | 15.9 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 30.5 | 28.6 | 118.2 | 0.8 | |
| Nizhny Novgorod, Russia | 15.7 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 23.8 | 22.4 | 269.4 | 0.4 | |
| Saint Petersburg, Russia | 15.6 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 23.6 | 25.0 | 391.3 | 0.3 | |
| Heraklion, Greece | 15.4 | 3.0 | 3.4 | 32.8 | 29.1 | 116.3 | 0.9 | |
| Banja Luka, Bosnia And Herzegovina | 15.4 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 33.1 | 32.5 | 121.9 | 0.8 | |
| Munich, Germany | 14.9 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 33.9 | 31.9 | 108.1 | 0.9 | |
| Brno, Czech Republic | 14.7 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 29.9 | 29.8 | 121.9 | 0.8 | |
| Porto, Portugal | 14.7 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 17.3 | 17.2 | 104.7 | 1.0 | |
| Ljubljana, Slovenia | 14.5 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 25.5 | 25.4 | 103.7 | 1.0 | |
| Thessaloniki, Greece | 14.4 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 31.1 | 27.5 | 110.7 | 0.9 | |
| Chisinau, Moldova | 14.3 | 6.3 | 5.8 | 16.0 | 17.1 | 158.0 | 0.6 | |
| Kiev (Kyiv), Ukraine | 14.2 | 6.4 | 6.0 | 15.6 | 16.7 | 277.8 | 0.4 | |
| Rome, Italy | 14.2 | 3.8 | 5.0 | 26.6 | 20.2 | 102.7 | 1.0 | |
| Skopje, North Macedonia | 14.1 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 30.1 | 28.4 | 107.2 | 0.9 | |
| Pristina, Kosovo (Disputed Territory) | 14.0 | 3.3 | 4.1 | 30.4 | 24.6 | 101.7 | 1.0 | |
| Nis, Serbia | 13.7 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 31.8 | 31.2 | 132.3 | 0.8 | |
| Budapest, Hungary | 13.7 | 3.4 | 3.9 | 29.7 | 25.8 | 127.7 | 0.8 | |
| Zurich, Switzerland | 13.6 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 39.6 | 38.6 | 83.1 | 1.2 | |
| Vilnius, Lithuania | 13.5 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 33.9 | 28.6 | 102.7 | 1.0 | |
| Gdansk, Poland | 13.4 | 3.4 | 3.9 | 29.5 | 25.4 | 124.6 | 0.8 | |
| Cluj-Napoca, Romania | 13.2 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 25.6 | 25.2 | 112.1 | 0.9 | |
| Warsaw, Poland | 13.2 | 3.8 | 4.4 | 26.5 | 22.5 | 127.5 | 0.8 | |
| Madrid, Spain | 13.2 | 4.4 | 5.0 | 22.9 | 20.1 | 91.0 | 1.1 | |
| Vienna, Austria | 13.1 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 39.1 | 34.5 | 92.1 | 1.1 | |
| Stockholm, Sweden | 13.1 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 34.5 | 27.7 | 96.6 | 1.0 | |
| Palma de Mallorca, Spain | 13.1 | 4.6 | 5.4 | 21.6 | 18.6 | 91.8 | 1.1 | |
| Barcelona, Spain | 12.9 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 19.0 | 18.2 | 88.9 | 1.1 | |
| Florence, Italy | 12.8 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 23.5 | 22.6 | 93.0 | 1.1 | |
| Krakow (Cracow), Poland | 12.8 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 28.4 | 25.8 | 126.5 | 0.8 | |
| Bolzano-Bozen, Italy | 12.8 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 34.6 | 28.3 | 99.8 | 1.0 | |
| Brasov, Romania | 12.7 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 22.6 | 24.7 | 125.0 | 0.8 | |
| Aveiro, Portugal | 12.6 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 17.6 | 17.8 | 99.7 | 1.0 | |
| Naples, Italy | 12.6 | 4.1 | 5.3 | 24.4 | 18.8 | 92.0 | 1.1 | |
| Constanta, Romania | 12.5 | 5.1 | 5.4 | 19.5 | 18.5 | 114.6 | 0.9 | |
| Geneva, Switzerland | 12.5 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 40.1 | 37.7 | 79.2 | 1.3 | |
| Wroclaw, Poland | 12.1 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 23.5 | 22.2 | 115.6 | 0.9 | |
| Lausanne, Switzerland | 12.1 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 51.0 | 44.1 | 76.7 | 1.3 | |
| Zagreb, Croatia | 12.0 | 3.4 | 3.9 | 29.3 | 25.5 | 84.9 | 1.2 | |
| Kaliningrad, Russia | 12.0 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 20.6 | 20.2 | 183.0 | 0.5 | |
| Nice, France | 11.7 | 3.4 | 4.6 | 29.5 | 21.8 | 83.2 | 1.2 | |
| Tallinn, Estonia | 11.6 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 29.7 | 27.6 | 92.2 | 1.1 | |
| Podgorica, Montenegro | 11.6 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 20.1 | 20.4 | 97.2 | 1.0 | |
| Oslo, Norway | 11.5 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 30.3 | 28.1 | 91.8 | 1.1 | |
| Novosibirsk, Russia | 11.4 | 4.5 | 5.2 | 22.2 | 19.1 | 203.8 | 0.5 | |
| Marseille, France | 11.3 | 2.8 | 4.2 | 35.8 | 23.6 | 80.8 | 1.2 | |
| Salzburg, Austria | 11.2 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 27.9 | 28.7 | 80.9 | 1.2 | |
| Minsk, Belarus | 11.2 | 5.0 | 5.3 | 19.9 | 18.9 | 177.9 | 0.6 | |
| Helsinki, Finland | 10.8 | 2.8 | 3.6 | 36.0 | 27.6 | 78.8 | 1.3 | |
| Cologne, Germany | 10.7 | 3.7 | 3.2 | 26.9 | 31.3 | 77.7 | 1.3 | |
| Varna, Bulgaria | 10.7 | 4.1 | 4.6 | 24.4 | 21.6 | 83.1 | 1.2 | |
| Plzen, Czech Republic | 10.7 | 2.8 | 3.5 | 35.2 | 28.7 | 88.1 | 1.1 | |
| Rijeka, Croatia | 10.7 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 24.6 | 26.2 | 82.2 | 1.2 | |
| Berlin, Germany | 10.7 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 27.2 | 27.5 | 75.5 | 1.3 | |
| Iasi, Romania | 10.6 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 25.4 | 22.4 | 101.8 | 1.0 | |
| Hamburg, Germany | 10.6 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 31.2 | 30.0 | 76.6 | 1.3 | |
| Trento, Italy | 10.6 | 3.5 | 4.2 | 28.2 | 23.7 | 81.5 | 1.2 | |
| Bucharest, Romania | 10.4 | 4.2 | 4.9 | 23.6 | 20.4 | 98.0 | 1.0 | |
| Luxembourg, Luxembourg | 10.4 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 26.6 | 23.9 | 71.9 | 1.4 | |
| Bologna, Italy | 10.4 | 4.8 | 5.2 | 21.0 | 19.4 | 76.4 | 1.3 | |
| Amsterdam, Netherlands | 10.3 | 4.7 | 5.1 | 21.1 | 19.8 | 75.2 | 1.3 | |
| Kaunas, Lithuania | 10.3 | 4.1 | 4.3 | 24.1 | 23.2 | 77.9 | 1.3 | |
| Bordeaux, France | 10.2 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 32.3 | 32.0 | 73.1 | 1.4 | |
| Haarlem, Netherlands | 10.2 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 21.9 | 21.0 | 76.0 | 1.3 | |
| Oradea, Romania | 10.1 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 23.9 | 25.0 | 92.8 | 1.1 | |
| Patras, Greece | 9.8 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 23.2 | 23.7 | 73.9 | 1.4 | |
| Bristol, United Kingdom | 9.8 | 5.4 | 4.6 | 18.4 | 21.7 | 81.3 | 1.2 | |
| Sofia, Bulgaria | 9.8 | 4.1 | 4.5 | 24.2 | 22.1 | 65.6 | 1.5 | |
| Linz, Austria | 9.7 | 2.8 | 3.4 | 35.4 | 29.6 | 69.9 | 1.4 | |
| Lyon, France | 9.7 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 30.3 | 30.1 | 68.9 | 1.5 | |
| Montpellier, France | 9.6 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 31.9 | 30.6 | 67.8 | 1.5 | |
| Burgas, Bulgaria | 9.6 | 4.7 | 5.3 | 21.1 | 18.7 | 73.4 | 1.4 | |
| Espoo, Finland | 9.5 | 2.8 | 3.4 | 36.3 | 29.5 | 68.4 | 1.5 | |
| Dusseldorf, Germany | 9.5 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 26.3 | 28.2 | 69.1 | 1.4 | |
| Padova, Italy | 9.5 | 4.4 | 6.0 | 22.7 | 16.6 | 72.1 | 1.4 | |
| Cambridge, United Kingdom | 9.3 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 21.2 | 20.6 | 77.2 | 1.3 | |
| Tartu, Estonia | 9.3 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 26.1 | 27.0 | 69.4 | 1.4 | |
| Bilbao, Spain | 9.3 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 20.3 | 19.6 | 64.0 | 1.6 | |
| Sibiu, Romania | 9.2 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 25.6 | 25.3 | 82.0 | 1.2 | |
| Parma, Italy | 9.1 | 4.6 | 5.9 | 21.6 | 17.1 | 71.2 | 1.4 | |
| Plovdiv, Bulgaria | 9.1 | 4.5 | 4.9 | 22.2 | 20.4 | 68.8 | 1.5 | |
| Dublin, Ireland | 9.0 | 6.4 | 6.7 | 15.7 | 14.9 | 65.8 | 1.5 | |
| Timisoara, Romania | 9.0 | 3.7 | 4.2 | 26.7 | 23.6 | 81.7 | 1.2 | |
| Graz, Austria | 8.9 | 2.7 | 3.4 | 37.1 | 29.1 | 63.9 | 1.6 | |
| Stuttgart, Germany | 8.8 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 25.6 | 23.7 | 63.9 | 1.6 | |
| Basel, Switzerland | 8.8 | 3.0 | 2.4 | 33.1 | 41.7 | 55.7 | 1.8 | |
| Modena, Italy | 8.7 | 4.8 | 5.6 | 20.7 | 17.9 | 64.8 | 1.5 | |
| Trondheim, Norway | 8.7 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 29.8 | 30.2 | 64.5 | 1.6 | |
| Seville (Sevilla), Spain | 8.6 | 5.1 | 6.2 | 19.5 | 16.2 | 60.0 | 1.7 | |
| Katowice, Poland | 8.5 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 21.8 | 23.6 | 79.3 | 1.3 | |
| Nuremberg, Germany | 8.5 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 34.8 | 30.4 | 61.9 | 1.6 | |
| Poznan, Poland | 8.5 | 4.7 | 5.0 | 21.2 | 20.1 | 78.4 | 1.3 | |
| Bari, Italy | 8.5 | 4.8 | 5.8 | 21.0 | 17.2 | 65.5 | 1.5 | |
| Lodz, Poland | 8.4 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 21.3 | 21.5 | 77.0 | 1.3 | |
| Utrecht, Netherlands | 8.4 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 19.3 | 18.3 | 62.8 | 1.6 | |
| Riga, Latvia | 8.3 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 23.8 | 22.6 | 64.0 | 1.6 | |
| Turin, Italy | 8.3 | 4.1 | 5.6 | 24.5 | 17.9 | 59.6 | 1.7 | |
| Copenhagen, Denmark | 8.3 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 21.3 | 20.3 | 61.1 | 1.6 | |
| Reykjavik, Iceland | 8.2 | 5.8 | 6.1 | 17.4 | 16.3 | 93.1 | 1.1 | |
| Frankfurt, Germany | 8.1 | 3.6 | 4.8 | 27.5 | 20.7 | 59.1 | 1.7 | |
| Edinburgh, United Kingdom | 7.9 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 19.0 | 18.6 | 65.8 | 1.5 | |
| Szczecin, Poland | 7.9 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 20.7 | 20.5 | 69.8 | 1.4 | |
| Strasbourg, France | 7.8 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 26.7 | 25.6 | 55.3 | 1.8 | |
| Manchester, United Kingdom | 7.8 | 5.9 | 6.6 | 16.9 | 15.2 | 66.8 | 1.5 | |
| Cork, Ireland | 7.7 | 7.0 | 6.6 | 14.3 | 15.0 | 59.2 | 1.7 | |
| Como, Italy | 7.7 | 5.3 | 6.5 | 19.0 | 15.3 | 58.8 | 1.7 | |
| Gothenburg, Sweden | 7.6 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 27.2 | 24.4 | 57.0 | 1.8 | |
| Tampere, Finland | 7.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 28.8 | 28.9 | 53.8 | 1.9 | |
| Toulouse, France | 7.5 | 3.6 | 4.1 | 27.7 | 24.5 | 53.1 | 1.9 | |
| Cagliari, Italy | 7.4 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 16.7 | 16.9 | 58.3 | 1.7 | |
| Bergen, Norway | 7.3 | 4.2 | 4.9 | 23.8 | 20.3 | 56.8 | 1.8 | |
| Reading, United Kingdom | 7.2 | 6.5 | 5.4 | 15.4 | 18.4 | 59.8 | 1.7 | |
| Maribor, Slovenia | 7.2 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 25.4 | 27.2 | 50.4 | 2.0 | |
| Rotterdam, Netherlands | 7.1 | 6.0 | 6.8 | 16.8 | 14.8 | 52.2 | 1.9 | |
| Ostrava, Czech Republic | 6.9 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 19.2 | 18.3 | 57.2 | 1.7 | |
| Antwerp, Belgium | 6.8 | 4.5 | 5.1 | 22.0 | 19.6 | 46.4 | 2.2 | |
| Dresden, Germany | 6.8 | 3.9 | 3.3 | 25.8 | 30.3 | 49.2 | 2.0 | |
| Valencia, Spain | 6.7 | 6.4 | 6.6 | 15.7 | 15.1 | 46.7 | 2.1 | |
| Brescia, Italy | 6.7 | 4.7 | 6.1 | 21.1 | 16.3 | 50.1 | 2.0 | |
| Leipzig, Germany | 6.6 | 4.3 | 4.7 | 23.0 | 21.4 | 47.9 | 2.1 | |
| Eindhoven, Netherlands | 6.5 | 5.3 | 5.7 | 18.9 | 17.7 | 47.8 | 2.1 | |
| Genoa, Italy | 6.4 | 5.1 | 8.8 | 19.7 | 11.3 | 49.0 | 2.0 | |
| Lille, France | 6.1 | 4.3 | 4.7 | 23.2 | 21.1 | 43.3 | 2.3 | |
| Mannheim, Germany | 6.0 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 30.0 | 30.4 | 42.3 | 2.4 | |
| Turku, Finland | 5.8 | 3.8 | 4.9 | 26.6 | 20.2 | 41.7 | 2.4 | |
| The Hague (Den Haag), Netherlands | 5.7 | 6.2 | 7.0 | 16.1 | 14.3 | 41.6 | 2.4 | |
| Glasgow, United Kingdom | 5.5 | 7.6 | 7.2 | 13.1 | 14.0 | 44.7 | 2.2 | |
| Essen, Germany | 5.3 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 25.3 | 25.1 | 38.5 | 2.6 | |
| Groningen, Netherlands | 5.2 | 6.2 | 5.0 | 16.1 | 19.9 | 37.0 | 2.7 | |
| Liverpool, United Kingdom | 5.0 | 7.7 | 6.3 | 12.9 | 15.9 | 42.5 | 2.4 | |
| Aalborg, Denmark | 4.8 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 18.0 | 19.7 | 36.7 | 2.7 | |
| Belfast, United Kingdom | 4.8 | 7.9 | 8.5 | 12.7 | 11.8 | 39.7 | 2.5 | |
| Aberdeen, United Kingdom | 3.5 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 16.1 | 15.6 | 30.9 | 3.2 |